Endotracheal Intubation is required to provide a patent airway when patients are at risk for aspiration, when airway maintenance by mask is difficult, and for prolonged controlled ventilation. Intubation also may be required for specific surgical procedures (e.g., head/neck, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal procedures). Intubation is usually performed with a Laryngoscope. The Macintosh Laryngoscope Blade and Miller Laryngoscope Blade are most commonly used.